Skipper Michael Hooper (c) was not impressed with his yellow card decision © Getty Images

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The Wallabies struggled with laser-beaming fans and questionable refereeing as their miserable trip to Argentina ended with a humbling and historic 21-17 loss to the Pumas in Mendoza.

Australian goalkicker Bernard Foley was targeted by spectators and was clearly distressed before missing a potentially match-winning shot from next to the posts as the Pumas roared to their first-ever Rugby Championship win.

The Wallabies were also frustrated and bemused by the second-half sin-binning of scrum-half Nick Phipps and captain Michael Hooper, as well as a pivotal no-try ruling against centre Tevita Kuridrani.

The deflating loss came after a week of turmoil in Australia's ranks, with the Wallabies reeling from injuries, an epic loss to the Springboks, Kurtley Beale's in-flight run-in with management and a monster travel schedule.

Ultimately, though, they probably would have won had Foley - with fans shining a laser directly in his eyes - not struck an upright with a routine penalty attempt from 10 metres to the left.

"It's not great. It was happening all night on all the kicks," said Foley, knowing he could have put Australia up 20-18 with only a few minutes remaining. "I'm not too sure what you can do with the crowd there. It's a bit like the soccer stuff that they do over here, the carry on."

Kurtley Beale and Mike Harris have also been subjected to similar treatment on recent visits to Argentina, while All Blacks playmaker Aaron Cruden was awarded a re-kick after suffering the same fate last year at a Test match in La Plata.

"It's problematic and only seems to happen in certain places," said Wallabies coach Ewen McKenzie. "We've talked about this in the past and it's cropped up again."

Foley said he never sought - nor was offered by referee Nigel Owens - a second attempt after his decisive miss that left fans at Estadio Malvinos Argentinos deliriously celebrating the momentous victory. But he said such behaviour shouldn't be part of the game.

"You can't be doing it," Foley said. "But how do you stop them? Maybe the re-kick will teach them, but who knows?"

Although Owens reversed the sin-binnings of lock James Horwill and fullback Israel Folau either side of half-time in unprecedented refereeing calls, the Wallabies were hammered 16-8 in the penalty count and spent a quarter of the match a man short.

After Australia squandered an early 14-0 lead, Phipps was dispatched for kicking the ball at a ruck, while Hooper was upset at being yellow-carded late for an aerial challenge on Pumas fullback Joaquin Tuculet.

"I thought it was a genuine charge down," Hooper said.

McKenzie said the Wallabies would seek explanation from match officials as to why his side was so harshly penalised.

"It was a heavy penalty count last week too, so we've suddenly become the most penalised team (in the competition). I'm not quite sure why," McKenzie said.

The loss was Australia's first to Argentina since 1997 and left the Wallabies with just narrow wins over the Pumas and the Springboks, and a draw with the All Blacks to show from their Rugby Championship campaign.

The Pumas, though, were left savouring their first Rugby Championship win after three years and 18 Tests against any of the three southern hemisphere giants.

"You don't want to be part of that history, but I don't want to be disrespectful to Argentina," McKenzie said. "That's saying they're not mixing it. They're mixing it really well. They've been very competitive and you've got to respect that."